Uncultured fecal gut microbiota from an underweight donor confers weight loss on gnotobiotic mice We used anthropometric data collected from members of a birth cohort study (14) of 100 children living in Mirpur thana in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to define whether they were healthy or undernourished (table S1). Those with height-for-age z scores (HAZ) greater than or equal to −2 were classified as “healthy,” whereas those with scores less than or equal to −3 were deemed severely stunted. At 18 months, 30 and 25 children satisfied these criteria for healthy and severely stunted, respectively, whereas at 24 months, 27 and 20 children received these designations; the remaining children were classified as moderately stunted (HAZ between −2 and −3). A PCR-based screen for ETBF targeting all three fragilysin gene subtypes (14) was performed using DNA isolated from fecal samples that had been collected from these children at 18 and 24 months of age. The results revealed that ETBF was variably present between individuals and within a given individual over time, with a total of 25 of 24-month-old children having a positive test (table S1). In this small cohort, ETBF carriage was not significantly correlated with indices of linear or ponderal growth . We combined anthropometric and PCR data to select fecal samples collected at 24 months from two children: (i) a healthy individual (child ID 7114 in table S1) with a HAZ score of −0.71, a WAZ score of −1.49, and a WHZ score of −1.62 who was ETBF-negative at the two time points tested, and (ii) a severely stunted and moderately underweight individual (child ID 7004) with a HAZ score of −3.02, a WAZ score of −2.51, and a WHZ score of −1.34 who was ETBF-positive at both time points. Of the 35 individuals with a positive ETBF test at either time point, only this stunted/underweight child was positive at both 18 and 24 months of age. Fecal samples obtained from members of this singleton birth cohort were screened for parasites using microscopic methods (5); neither of the two donors tested positive (see Materials and Methods for details). To define the effects of diet and these two childrens’ gut microbiota on host biology, we generated three representative versions (embodiments) of the diets consumed by the population represented by the donors. To do so, we determined the relative daily caloric contributions of various selected ingredient types, based on a study by Arsenault and coworkers (16). Selection of specific food items as representative of each ingredient type was based on consumption incidence surveys tabulated by Islam et al. (17), and the results were incorporated into a database consisting of 54 food ingredients. We filtered this database to remove items consumed by

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Gastric band Surgery In France All you need to know about the Primal diet Sign in Log in with your Medical News Today account to create or edit your custom homepage, catch-up on your opinions notifications and set your newsletter preferences. Sign in Register for a free account For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more... Read more…

Compare Gastric band Surgery In France Everyone knows that an apple per day is a more healthful option than a donut and yet, given the choice, many people would still choose the donut. A new study has revealed that food choices could be down to the associations that we make with food-related stimuli. person holding an apple in one hand and a doughnut in the other Researchers explain why the urge to eat a donut is mightier than the urge to eat an apple – even though the apple is the more healthful option. Aukje Verhoeven, Sanne de Wit, and Poppy Watson, all psychologists at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, conducted the research. Their findings were published in the journal Appetite. The consumption of unhealthful foods is on the rise around the world, which is contributing to the more than 1.9 billion adults who are overweight globally. Among children in the United States, more than 27 percent of calories each day come from snacks, including salted snacks, candy, desserts, and sweetened beverages. This could have hazardous consequences for their health. Learned cues affect food choices Government initiatives have focused on making people more aware of the adverse effects of eating unhealthfully. However, most people fail to adhere to the recommended food guidelines, and eating behaviors often remain unchanged. Though it is not clear why informational interventions do not work, evidence suggests that food-related stimuli in the environment may play a role in triggering unhealthful eating habits. “Health warnings often make people want to choose healthier food products, yet many still end up picking unhealthy food products,” explains Verhoeven. “We suspected this might partly be due to the fact that people learn to associate specific cues in their environment with certain food choices.” For example, seeing a large “M” sign in the environment has been linked to reward, such as eating a cheeseburger, which then prompts a craving and could trigger a trip to the restaurant. These learned associations between cues and outcomes have a significant effect on the foods that people choose to consume. “Unhealthy choices are therefore automatically activated by learned associations, making health warnings, which focus on conscious choices, ineffective,” Verhoeven adds. For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more... Read more…

Research ArticleEndocrinologyGenetics Free access | 10.1172/JCI88648 Lisa C. Burnett,1,2,3 Charles A. LeDuc,2,3,4 Carlos R. Sulsona,5 Daniel Paull,6 Richard Rausch,2,3 Sanaa Eddiry,7 Jayne F. Martin Carli,2,3,8 Michael V. Morabito,2,3 Alicja A. Skowronski,1,2,3 Gabriela Hubner,9 Matthew Zimmer,6 Liheng Wang,2,3 Robert Day,10 Brynn Levy,11 Ilene Fennoy,12 Beatrice Dubern,13 Christine Poitou,13 Karine Clement,13 Merlin G. Butler,14 Michael Rosenbaum,2,3 Jean Pierre Salles,7,15 Maithe Tauber,7,15,16 Daniel J. Driscoll,5,17 Dieter Egli,2,3,6 and Rudolph L. Leibel2,3,4 1Institute of Human Nutrition, 2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, and 3Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 4New York Obesity Research Center, New York, New York, USA. 5Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida, USA. 6The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York, USA. 7Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5282, INSERM UMR 1043, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. 8Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 9Packer Collegiate Institute, New York, New York, USA. 10Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. 11Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 12Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 13Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, University Pierre et Marie-Curie, INSERM UMRS 1166, Paris, France. 14Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Research and Genetics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. 15Unité d’Endocrinologie, Hôpital des Enfants, and 16Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France. 17Center for Epigenetics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Address correspondence to: Lisa C. Burnett or Rudolph L. Leibel, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue Russ Berrie Pavilion Room 620 New York, NY 10033; Phone: 212 851 5315; E-mail: lmc2200@cumc.columbia.edu (L.C. Burnett); rl2332@cumc.columbia.edu (R.L. Leibel). Find articles by Burnett, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar 1Institute of Human Nutrition, 2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, and 3Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 4New York Obesity Research Center, New York, New York, USA. 5Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida, USA. 6The New York Stem Cell

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Gastric band Surgery In France Heart failure risk could be reversed with exercise program Sign in Log in with your Medical News Today account to create or edit your custom homepage, catch-up on your opinions notifications and set your newsletter preferences. Sign in Register for a free account For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more... Read more…

Research Update Jan. 9, 2017 Three recent studies have shown how dietary and other environmental exposures, including those that shape the internal environment created by gut microbes, are critically important during the first few years of life, with implications for a lifetime of good health. These exposures include not only the diet of the mother and child, but also other experiences that have a large impact on the bacterial populations of a child’s gut, such as antibiotic treatment and delivery by vaginal or cesarean modes. More and more, the gut microbial community is being appreciated for its effects on human health, and the first 3 years of life is an important period for maturation of this gut microbial community. For example, by training the developing immune system, gut microbes are thought to play a possible role in guarding against autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as other immune-related diseases, including asthma and allergies. Early disturbances in the gut microbial community from such factors as antibiotics or cesarean delivery have also been linked to an increased risk for metabolic disorders, such as obesity. Studies by three research groups have delved into how great an impact these early exposures can have on infants, potentially affecting their future health. As part of the Healthy Start Study, researchers studied over 1,000 pairs of mothers and infants from multiple ethnic backgrounds to see how different types of foods eaten during pregnancy might affect infant body fat. The mothers were recruited during pregnancy. The researchers collected blood samples and information from the mothers on such subjects as physical activity and diet. Throughout pregnancy, participating mothers also completed several 24-hour dietary recalls online to provide a more complete picture of their diets. After delivery, information was collected in the hospital on the mothers and babies, including measurements of the infants’ length, weight, and skin-fold thickness. The researchers also estimated the infants’ body composition, including fat mass and fat-free mass. The mothers’ diet quality was measured using a scoring system based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The researchers found that consuming a lower-quality diet (e.g., more fat and sodium, and fewer fruits and vegetables) during pregnancy was associated with a higher percent of fat mass in the newborns, regardless of how much the women had weighed before pregnancy. The researchers plan to continue studying these infants to figure out what effect a larger fat mass at birth has on the risk of developing obesity in childhood and later in life. This study highlights a potential way to improve the health of newborns-eating more healthfully during pregnancy. Another research group followed the gut microbial development of 43 U.S. children during their first 2 years using genetic techniques to characterize the evolving community of

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Gastric band Surgery In France Severe obesity may be caused by this genetic mutation Sign in Log in with your Medical News Today account to create or edit your custom homepage, catch-up on your opinions notifications and set your newsletter preferences. Sign in Register for a free account For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more... Read more…