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Laura A. Mikea, Sara N. Smitha, Christopher A. Sumnera, Kathryn A. Eatona, and Harry L. T. Mobleya,1 aDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Edited by Ralph R. Isberg, Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, and approved October 19, 2016 (received for review April 20, 2016) Significance Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are primarily caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), and 1 in 40 women experience chronic UTIs during their lifetime. The antibiotic courses required to treat infections promote antibiotic resistance, and current vaccine options offer limited protection. We have pioneered a strategy using small iron-chelating compounds called siderophores as vaccine antigens. These siderophores are not produced by commensal bacteria and are required for UTI. The siderophore vaccines reported here are easy to formulate and reduce bacterial burdens in a murine model of UTI. This report highlights the untapped resource of bacteria-specific small molecules as potential vaccine antigens and provides a proof of principle for incorporating these compounds into multicomponent vaccines for the prevention of bacterial infections. Abstract Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Whereas most infections are isolated cases, 1 in 40 women experience recurrent UTIs. The rise in antibiotic resistance has complicated the management of chronic UTIs and necessitates new preventative strategies. Currently, no UTI vaccines are approved for use in the United States, and the development of a highly effective vaccine remains elusive. Here, we have pursued a strategy for eliciting protective immunity by vaccinating with small molecules required for pathogenesis, rather than proteins or peptides. Small iron-chelating molecules called siderophores were selected as antigens to vaccinate against UTI for this vaccine strategy. These pathogen-associated stealth siderophores evade host immune defenses and enhance bacterial virulence. Previous animal studies revealed that vaccination with siderophore receptor proteins protects against UTI. The poor solubility of these integral outer-membrane proteins in aqueous solutions limits their practical utility. Because their cognate siderophores are water soluble, we hypothesized that these bacterial-derived small molecules are prime vaccine candidates. To test this hypothesis, we immunized mice with siderophores conjugated to an immunogenic carrier protein. The siderophore-protein conjugates elicited an adaptive immune response that targeted bacterial stealth siderophores and protected against UTI. Our study has identified additional antigens suitable for a multicomponent UTI vaccine and highlights the potential use of bacterial-derived small molecules as antigens in vaccine therapies. Both the physical and financial burdens of urinary tract infections
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Gastric band Surgery In France Knee osteoarthritis: What’s the best weight loss plan? Sign in Log in with your Medical News Today account to create or edit your custom homepage, catch-up on your opinions notifications and set your newsletter preferences. Sign in Register for a free account For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more... Read more…
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Uncultured fecal gut microbiota from an underweight donor confers weight loss on gnotobiotic mice We used anthropometric data collected from members of a birth cohort study (14) of 100 children living in Mirpur thana in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to define whether they were healthy or undernourished (table S1). Those with height-for-age z scores (HAZ) greater than or equal to −2 were classified as “healthy,” whereas those with scores less than or equal to −3 were deemed severely stunted. At 18 months, 30 and 25 children satisfied these criteria for healthy and severely stunted, respectively, whereas at 24 months, 27 and 20 children received these designations; the remaining children were classified as moderately stunted (HAZ between −2 and −3). A PCR-based screen for ETBF targeting all three fragilysin gene subtypes (14) was performed using DNA isolated from fecal samples that had been collected from these children at 18 and 24 months of age. The results revealed that ETBF was variably present between individuals and within a given individual over time, with a total of 25 of 24-month-old children having a positive test (table S1). In this small cohort, ETBF carriage was not significantly correlated with indices of linear or ponderal growth . We combined anthropometric and PCR data to select fecal samples collected at 24 months from two children: (i) a healthy individual (child ID 7114 in table S1) with a HAZ score of −0.71, a WAZ score of −1.49, and a WHZ score of −1.62 who was ETBF-negative at the two time points tested, and (ii) a severely stunted and moderately underweight individual (child ID 7004) with a HAZ score of −3.02, a WAZ score of −2.51, and a WHZ score of −1.34 who was ETBF-positive at both time points. Of the 35 individuals with a positive ETBF test at either time point, only this stunted/underweight child was positive at both 18 and 24 months of age. Fecal samples obtained from members of this singleton birth cohort were screened for parasites using microscopic methods (5); neither of the two donors tested positive (see Materials and Methods for details). To define the effects of diet and these two childrens’ gut microbiota on host biology, we generated three representative versions (embodiments) of the diets consumed by the population represented by the donors. To do so, we determined the relative daily caloric contributions of various selected ingredient types, based on a study by Arsenault and coworkers (16). Selection of specific food items as representative of each ingredient type was based on consumption incidence surveys tabulated by Islam et al. (17), and the results were incorporated into a database consisting of 54 food ingredients. We filtered this database to remove items consumed by
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Compare Adjustable Gastric band Surgery In Europe gastric band surgery cost Obesity and Health ProblemWHAT IS OBESITY? Obesity is a condition resulting from excessive storage of fat In the body. Obesity has been defined as a weight more than 20% above what is considered normal according to standard age, height and weight tables or by a complex formula known as the “Body Mass Index “(BMI).See all stories on this topic Read more… Read more…
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Compare Price of Bariatric Surgery Abroad how much does a gastric band cost Burst The Common Nutrition Myths About Weight Loss Weight Loss is the topic of debate and is mostly surrounded by a number of misconceptions. Every single person has its own logic and advice to give that might confuse you and a wrong choice may even affect your health. Thus, it is always good to consider a dietitian or nutrition expert that have great knowledge in the same domain and suggest you the best diet plan for weight loss as per your body BMI. If you are also not able to differentiate between the fact and fiction about weight loss this article is for you. Here we help you burst the common nutrition myth about weight loss people have. So, what are we waiting for? Let’s get started. Starve To Lose Weight: If you also think that starving or fasting is the easiest ways to lose weight, so, you are absolutely wrong. Eating doesn’t affect your weight, but eating wrong food and at the wrong time may. Therefore, if you want to see quicker results, so, instead of skipping meals you should eat after a while. Break your three meals into the six one to give your hunger pangs a relief. Also, it boosts up your metabolism that helps in achieving your weight loss goal. All Carbohydrates Are Bad: It is not more than just an old wives tale, which you should not believe. But, the truth is that not all the Carbs you consumed are bad, some of them are very good for your health and provide your body essential nutrients and fibers that not help in losing weight but also keeps your protected from a number of diseases. All Calories Are Created Equal: Well, it is not more than just a lie because different foods we eat goes through the different metabolic pathway and thus, have different effects on your body hormones and brain center that give signals to your appetite. So, it is not the truth all calories have varying effects on hunger, hormones, and health. Slimming Pills Are The Only Option: Come out of your dilemma right away, this is because slimming pills are not long-term effects and can affect your health in an adverse manner. So, if you want to avoid such situation, you should say “No” to them and “Yes” to a healthy diet. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/9776217 Read more… Read more…
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Gastric band Surgery In France All you need to know about the Primal diet Sign in Log in with your Medical News Today account to create or edit your custom homepage, catch-up on your opinions notifications and set your newsletter preferences. Sign in Register for a free account For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more... Read more…
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Compare Gastric band Surgery In France Everyone knows that an apple per day is a more healthful option than a donut and yet, given the choice, many people would still choose the donut. A new study has revealed that food choices could be down to the associations that we make with food-related stimuli. person holding an apple in one hand and a doughnut in the other Researchers explain why the urge to eat a donut is mightier than the urge to eat an apple – even though the apple is the more healthful option. Aukje Verhoeven, Sanne de Wit, and Poppy Watson, all psychologists at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, conducted the research. Their findings were published in the journal Appetite. The consumption of unhealthful foods is on the rise around the world, which is contributing to the more than 1.9 billion adults who are overweight globally. Among children in the United States, more than 27 percent of calories each day come from snacks, including salted snacks, candy, desserts, and sweetened beverages. This could have hazardous consequences for their health. Learned cues affect food choices Government initiatives have focused on making people more aware of the adverse effects of eating unhealthfully. However, most people fail to adhere to the recommended food guidelines, and eating behaviors often remain unchanged. Though it is not clear why informational interventions do not work, evidence suggests that food-related stimuli in the environment may play a role in triggering unhealthful eating habits. “Health warnings often make people want to choose healthier food products, yet many still end up picking unhealthy food products,” explains Verhoeven. “We suspected this might partly be due to the fact that people learn to associate specific cues in their environment with certain food choices.” For example, seeing a large “M” sign in the environment has been linked to reward, such as eating a cheeseburger, which then prompts a craving and could trigger a trip to the restaurant. These learned associations between cues and outcomes have a significant effect on the foods that people choose to consume. “Unhealthy choices are therefore automatically activated by learned associations, making health warnings, which focus on conscious choices, ineffective,” Verhoeven adds. For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more... Read more…
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Research ArticleEndocrinologyGenetics Free access | 10.1172/JCI88648 Lisa C. Burnett,1,2,3 Charles A. LeDuc,2,3,4 Carlos R. Sulsona,5 Daniel Paull,6 Richard Rausch,2,3 Sanaa Eddiry,7 Jayne F. Martin Carli,2,3,8 Michael V. Morabito,2,3 Alicja A. Skowronski,1,2,3 Gabriela Hubner,9 Matthew Zimmer,6 Liheng Wang,2,3 Robert Day,10 Brynn Levy,11 Ilene Fennoy,12 Beatrice Dubern,13 Christine Poitou,13 Karine Clement,13 Merlin G. Butler,14 Michael Rosenbaum,2,3 Jean Pierre Salles,7,15 Maithe Tauber,7,15,16 Daniel J. Driscoll,5,17 Dieter Egli,2,3,6 and Rudolph L. Leibel2,3,4 1Institute of Human Nutrition, 2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, and 3Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 4New York Obesity Research Center, New York, New York, USA. 5Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida, USA. 6The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York, USA. 7Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5282, INSERM UMR 1043, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. 8Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 9Packer Collegiate Institute, New York, New York, USA. 10Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. 11Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 12Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 13Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, University Pierre et Marie-Curie, INSERM UMRS 1166, Paris, France. 14Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Research and Genetics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. 15Unité d’Endocrinologie, Hôpital des Enfants, and 16Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France. 17Center for Epigenetics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Address correspondence to: Lisa C. Burnett or Rudolph L. Leibel, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue Russ Berrie Pavilion Room 620 New York, NY 10033; Phone: 212 851 5315; E-mail: lmc2200@cumc.columbia.edu (L.C. Burnett); rl2332@cumc.columbia.edu (R.L. Leibel). Find articles by Burnett, L. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar 1Institute of Human Nutrition, 2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, and 3Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 4New York Obesity Research Center, New York, New York, USA. 5Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida, USA. 6The New York Stem Cell
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Gastric band Surgery In France Heart failure risk could be reversed with exercise program Sign in Log in with your Medical News Today account to create or edit your custom homepage, catch-up on your opinions notifications and set your newsletter preferences. Sign in Register for a free account For FREE No Obligation Information about the cost of Gastric Band Surgery in France Click here Or Click the Image Below to visit our Special offer Page to see if you Qualify for any Discounts Read more……>click Here< Read more... Read more…
